Frank s



Patented Oct. ll, I898.

No. 6l2,258..

F. S. MEAD.

GAS OR OIL ENGINE.

(Application filed June 25, 1897.)

\No Model.)

. JMVENTOH WITNESSES:

A TTOHNE YS.

1: NDRRKS PETERS co, ware-mun. wnsnma'rou. n. c.

INITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK S. MEAD, OF MONTREAL, CANADA.

GAS OR OIL ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 612,258, dated October11, 1898.

' p i i n m .Tune25,1897. SerialNo. 642,259. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK S. MEAD, a citizen of the United States,residing in Montreal, Province of Quebec,and Dominion of Canada, haveinvented anew and Improved Gas or Oil Engine, of which the following isa full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved gas or oilengine adapted to be run either by gaseous or liquid fuel and arrangedto properly feed the gas to and mix it with fresh air upon entering theworking chamber of the power-cylinder, the amount of fuel used beingcompletely controlled by a governor according to the amount of work tobe performed, and at the same time maintaining an even speed undervarying condi-' tions of the load.

The invention consists. of certain parts and details and combinations ofthe same, as will be fully described hereinafter,and then pointed out inthe claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a transversesection of the governor on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a similarView of the samewith parts in a difierent position. Fig. 4: is anenlarged sectional plan view of the spraying device, and Fig. 5 is anenlarged sectional side elevation of a modified form of pump.

The engine is provided with the usual cylinderA, in which'reciprocates apiston B, connected by a pitman O with the crank-arm D of the maindriving-shaft D, as is plainly shown in the drawings. V

The upper end of the cylinder A forms the Working chamber A, and thelower end of said cylinder opens into an air-compression chamber E,provided with a spring-pressed inlet-valve E, and forms part of theengineframe. A discharge-pipe F leads from the chamber E to connectwithapassage A ,,opening into the working chamber A of the cylinder A,the said passage containing a checkvalve G, opening on the downstroke ofthe piston B, but closing on the upstroke thereof. The pipe F alsoconnects at its upper end with theinterior of a vaporizing-chamber H,

jacket I, so as to heat the vaporizing-chamher and insure atransformation of the liquid fuel into a gaseous state. The jacket I isprovided with an exhaust-pipe L for finally carrying off the products ofcombustion to the outer air.

Adjacent to the vaporizing-chamber H is arranged a pump N, containing apump piston or plunger 0, formed at its upper end into a valve 0,adapted to open and close a valved air-inlet P and to actuate by suctionand pressure a needle-valve P, connected by a pipe Q, having acheck-valve Q, with a tank or reservoir Q containing the liquid fuel.The needle-valve P opens toward the pump-cylinder N. The valve 0 isprovided with a central bore 0 adapted to register at its lower end witha port N, formed in the pump-cylinder N and connected with [an inlet R,formed in the casing R of a spraying device R, connecting the pump Nwith the interior of the vaporizing-chamber H. The casing R is providedat its end with a small opening R through which the fuel passes in aspray into the vaporizing-chamber H. The casing R contains a screw-plugR for forming a narrow annular passage in the said casing for the oiland air to pass through from the inlet R to the outlet R 4 The piston Oof the pump is connected with the eccentric-rod S of an eccentric S,having its disk S formed with an elongated slot S for the passage of theshaft D or any other shaft driven by the engine. The eccentric disk S isprovided with an arm S pivoted on a wheel T, secured on the shaft D, andthe said arm is pivotally connected by a link U with one arm of athree-armed weighted lever V, fulcrumed at V on one of the spokes of thewheel T. A spring W is secured at one end to the wheel T and with itsother end on the outermost arm V of the lever V, so as to hold theweighted end of the said lever normally in an innermost position, as isplainly indicated in Fig. 2, the spring being expanded upon the weightedlever. swinging outward by centrifugal force on an increase of the speedof the engine.

In the pump shown in Fig. 5 the cylinder N has its piston 0 providedwith a port 0 adapted to register on one side with a channel N openinginto the upper end of the cylinder and connected with a needle-valve Pconnected with a supply-pipe Q through which passes the liquid'fuel. Theair-inlet valve P is adapted to be opened on the downstroke of thepiston O at the time the port 0 is out of register with the channel Nand with the discharge-port N connected with the spraying device at theinlet R.

The operation is as follows: The piston B, as shown in Fig. 1, has justpassed into a lowermost position and compressed in the chamber E acertain amount of fresh air previously drawn in at the valve E. WVhenthe piston is near the lower end of its stroke, this compressed airpasses through the pipe F and passage A into the working chamber A ofthe cylinder A to force out the products of combustion through the pipeK into the jacket I and through the pipe L to the outer air. At the sametime the piston or plunger 0 in the pump N rises, and when near the endof its upward stroke opens the port N, so that the contents of the pumpare discharged through the bore 0 port N, and port B into the sprayingdevice R and through the latter into the vaporizing-chamber H. The fuelis at once vaporized therein, as the said chamber is heated,aspreviously explained,by the bu rned products of combustion, and the gasnow passes into the upper end of the pipe F and passage A so as to mixwith the column of compressed air passing into the working chamber ofthe cylinder by way of the pipe F, as previously explained. Furtherrevolution of the shaft D brings the piston B from the position shown inFig. 1 to the end of its uppermost stroke, thus immediately closing thevalve G and compressing the mixed fuel and air contained in the cylinderA, and which mixture is then ignited, so as to drive the piston 13 downand repeat the above described operation. The piston O of the pump N atthe end of its uppermost stroke causes the valve 0 to register with theport N, as previously explained, so that as the piston descends itsfirst action is to close the said port N, then draw the liquid fuel intothe cylinder through the needle-valve P until finallythe air-inlet valveP is uncovered to allowair to pass freely into the upper end of thecylinder during the remainder of the downstroke of the piston 0, thusdestroying or stopping further action of the valve P. As the pistonrises the liquid fuel is in the bore 0 until the upstroke is so farcompleted as to connect with the port N, at which time the compressedair rushes out and carries the liquid tuel to and through the sprayingdevice R, in which the air and oil are thoroughly mixed, to then passthrough the heated vaporizing-chamber H to join the compressed airflowing through the pipe F and passage A into the Working chamber of thecylinder. The shifting eccentric governor on the shaft D operates insuch a manner that when the engine exceeds the desired or normal speedthen the eccentric disk S is drawn toward the center of the shaft D, sothat the stroke of the eccentric-rod S is shortened or omittedaltogether, and the valve 0 is not opened or brought in register withthe port N and the air-inlet P. In this case the contents of the workingchamber A and vaporizer H simply expand as the piston B descends, and nonew charge will be drawninto the said vaporizer and working chamber.

As it is desirable that the supply-valve 0 should open the port N fullyor not at all, a new construction of the governor is necessary, so as topermit the weighted arm V to move its full limit whenever it moves atall, and to accomplish this the retractile spring WV is so placed thatit extends approximately at right angles to the movement of the lever V,the arm V holding the said spring as it passes to the rear of the pivotV, upon which the lever V swings, so that as the said lever swings inits outward movement it also draws the spring W closer to the center ofmotion, thus reducing its leverage, so that when the speed of the engineexceeds its normal speed then the weighted end of the arm V as it isthrown outward has an even resistance from the spring in its entiremovement. Th us there is an increase in centrifugal force as the leverpasses outward and a decrease in centrifugal force as the leverswings'inward, so as to cause the said lever'to pass over its entiremovement at any change from the de sired speed of the engine.

The mode of connecting the weighted arm V to the arm S of theshifting-eccentric disk S by the link U is such as to form a togglejointbetween the parts, so as to bring the thrust of the eccentric directlyupon the pivot V of the weighted arm whenever the supplyvalve P is to beopened, thus leaving the arm free to respond to centrifugal force or toits retractile spring WV.

It has been found that vaporizing-chambers placed in the path of the airpassing from the air-compression chamber to the power-cylinder in such amanner that the compressed air must pass through them do not maintainsufficient heat for economy, especially when running light, and theexplosions are limited, and for this reason I place thevaporizing-chamber so as to be independent of this air-passage, and theonly matter passing through this chamber is from the spraying device,and this only as required by the speed of the engine.

These improvements are shown as applied to a two-cycle engine, but areequally applicable to any other form of gas or oil engine.

Having thus fully described my invention,

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters I Patent 1. Anexplosive-engine having a power-cylinder and a piston reciprocatingtherein, an air-compression chamber, a passage from the air-compressionchamber to the power-cylinder, a vaporizer arranged for the'applicationof heat and discharging into said passage,

and a valve located in said passage between its junction with thevaporizer and the powercylinder, the vaporizer being located without thepath of the compressed air so that the latter will pass to thepower-cylinder without passing through the vaporizer.

2. A gas or oil engine having upon its main shaft a shifting-eccentricgovernor,and a fuelpump operatively connected to said shiftingeccentric, and having an inlet-valve for air and a separate inlet-valvefor liquid fuel, and separate'passages leading directly from said valvesto different ports in the pump-cylinder.

3. In agas or oil engine, the combination of a pump discharge-valveoperated by the pump-piston, an eccentric arranged to drive saidpump-piston, andmovahle upon its shaft weighted swinging arm pivoted toa wheel or disk, and a retractile spring so attached to said weightedarm that the spring is drawn toward the fulcrum of the arm as the latterswings outwardly from the center of said wheel or disk so that theretractile action of the spring is not increased during such outwardmovement.

8. In a gas or oil engine, a fuel-pump havin g a compression-chamber ofsuitable size to hold the compressed contents of the pump, andcontaining a piston-valve arranged to cover successivelyan inlet and anoutlet port to said chamber. r

9. In a gas or oil engine, a fuel-pump having a compression-chamber ofsuitable size to contain the compressed contents of the pump, anoutlet-port, an inlet-port for air, and another inlet-port for liquidfuel.

10. In a gas or oil engine, a spraying device consist-ing of an annularpassage turned back upon itself to the center of discharge, and a portfor the simultaneous delivery of both air and liquid fuel to saidannular passage.

from an eccentric position in which it is active, to a central positionin which it is inactive and a weighted arm controlled by centrifugalforce derived from the speed of the engine, and connected to the saideccentric in a manner to shorten or omit the stroke of said pump-piston.

4. In a gas or oil engine having a powercylinder, an air-compressionpump adjacent thereto, a passage leading from the said pump to the saidcylinder, means for supplying liquid fuel to said passage, 2. pistonreciprocating in the power-cylinder and operatively connected to themain shaft of the engine, a disk or wheel mounted on the main shaft, and

bearing a weighted arm under control of ceninder, afuel-pump adjacentthereto, and coinmunieating with said cylinder and operated by ashifting-eccentric governor having a weighted arm, held toward itscenter of revolution by a spring so arranged that its power does notincrease as the weight is swung outward by centrifugal force.

7. In a gas or oil engine, the combination of a fuel-pump 0r valveoperatively connected to a shifting eccentric held in position by a II.In a gas or oil engine, a spraying device consisting of a tube with aninwardlyprojecting end perforated in its center, and a solid plug with aconcave end so placed within the tube as to leave an annular spacebetween the plug and the tube, retreating near the end to a commoncenter and a port for the simultaneous delivery of both air and fuel tosaid annular space.

12. In a gas or oil engine, a spraying device consisting of a passagewith an inwardlyprojecting end perforated at its center, and anadjustable solid rod entering said passage and having a concave end.

13. In a gas or oil engine, a fuel-pump whose compression-chamber isextended in the form of a passage down one side of the piston, across-passage in said piston, arranged to connect the said passage withthe exit-port of the pump when near the end of its stroke, an airport,and a separate inlet-port for liquid fuel.

14:. In a gas or oil engine, a fuel-pump having an extension of itscompression-chamber carried along one side of the piston or plunger to aconnection with the discharge-port, and supplied with a port for liquidfuel discharging into said passage.

15. In a gas or oil engine, a fuel-pump supplied with two inlet-ports,an exit-port,a groove or passage in the piston thereof, connecting withsaid exit-port when near the end of its stroke, and a passage connectingthe pump compression-chamber with the crosspassage in the piston.

FRANK S. MEAD.

Witnesses:

LEWIS P. MEAD, P. GORMAN.

